ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies

Efek Insektisida Aromaterapi Minyak Atsiri Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Beth) Terhadap Aedes aegypti

Azmi Raihan — 2025-07-31

Aromatherapy candles are a safe and effective insecticide innovation with a long-lasting fragrance. Aromatherapy candles can also act as an adulticide for mosquitoes if made from the essential oil of patchouli leaves that have natural insecticidal properties against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This research aims to determine the adulticidal effect of patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) essential oil aromatherapy candle against Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This research is experimental with a post-test only control group design divided into six groups: one negative control group and five treatment groups (25, 40, 55, 70, and 85%) with four repetitions. Each group consisted of 20 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Before testing, the aromatherapy candle was lit in the test room for three hours and then extinguished. The mosquitoes were exposed to the vapor produced by patchouli essential oil aromatherapy candles for five hours, and the mortality rate was assessed every hour. Afterward, the data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni and probit analyses. The average mosquito mortality rate was 0% in the negative control group and 25; 32.5; 51.25; 70; and 87.5% in the treatment groups of 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85%, respectively. The data analysis indicated a significant difference in the mosquito mortality rate in all treatment groups (p<0.05) with a 95% confidence interval. Meanwhile, the probit analysis showed an LC₅₀ of 63% and LC₉₀ of 96.067%. We conclude that the aromatherapy candle made from patchouli essential oil had an adulticidal effect on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.

Keong Sulawesidrobia sp Kandidat Kompetitor Inang Perantara Schistosoma japonicum Di Dataran Tinggi Bada Kabupaten Poso

Junus widjaja — 2025-07-31

Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by the trematode worm Schistosoma japonicum, with the intermediate host snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, is a complex issue that requires ongoing investigation. The Bada highlands of Poso Regency, one of Indonesia's endemic areas, was found to be an endemic area for schistosomiasis in 2008 due to the presence of cases in humans and the intermediate host snail O. h. lindoensis. This article discusses the Sulawesidrobia sp snail, a significant finding in the Bada endemic area. Surveys were conducted on the same O. h. lindoensis snail habitat in 2017 and 2019, using the man per minute and crushing methods. In 2019, the Sulawesidrobia sp snail habitat was more dominant, with as many as 22 habitats, and the type of habitat was the same as the type of O. h lindoensis habitat. This led to a decrease in the habitat of O. h lindoensis. Sulawesidrobia sp snails, with their small shells, slightly convex circles, and two red lines, were found to inhabit water channels in gardens, rice fields, and ponds, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Indeks Entomologi dan Faktor Jenis Rumah yang Berkaitan dengan Keberadaan Telur Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang, Provinsi Jambi

Tazkiah Unida — 2025-07-31

Kelurahan Sungai Pinang memiliki kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan endemis dengue. Keberadaan Aedes spp. sebagai vektor virus dengue diperparah dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang terkontrol, seperti banjir yang memperbanyak wadah tergenang sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk. Variasi tipe rumah juga mempengaruhi populasi Aedes spp., sehingga penelitian mengenai indeks entomologi dan jenis rumah yang mempengaruhi keberadaan telur Aedes spp. perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati indeks entomologi Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang (1°59'13.3" S dan 102°02'55.2" E) berupa house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI), ovitrap index (OI), dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) di wilayah RT 07 dan RT 18 beserta kaitannya dengan jenis rumah sampling di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Teknik sampling secara purposive dengan memilih RT dengan kasus dengue tahun 2023 – awal tahun 2024. Data indeks entomologi dianalisis secara univariat, sedangkan analisis korelasi Spearman dilakukan secara bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan HI sebesar 22,35%, CI 15,22%, dan BI 63,92%. Nilai HI dan CI termasuk dalam kategori densitas sedang, sedangkan BI termasuk kategori tinggi. Angka bebas jentik di RT 07 dan RT 18 adalah 77,65%, masih di bawah target nasional 95%. Ovitrap index mencapai 89,41%, menunjukkan tingkat resiko tinggi. Rumah yang ditemukan telur nyamuk > 10 buah adalah rumah semi-permanen dengan celah di dinding kayu dan atap tanpa plafon. Kelurahan Sungai Pinang masuk dalam kategori berisiko tinggi terjadi penularan dengue.

Imunogenisitas, Keamanan, dan Efikasi Vaksin Malaria: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Network Meta-Analysis dari Uji Klinis Acak Terkontrol

Fitranda Kusiyanto Taslim — 2025-06-30

Malaria remains a major global health issue, with challenges in existing control methods like insecticide resistance and artemisinin-based therapy failures. Vaccines offer a promising solution to reduce transmission, build herd immunity, and decrease morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations. This study conducts a network meta-analysis of malaria vaccines to compare their immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy. A systematic review following PRISMA-NMA guidelines was performed using four databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar—assessing study quality with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The analysis, which included over 33,000 participants from 57 clinical trials, revealed that RTS,S/AS01 and RTS,S/AS02 significantly increased antibody titers despite heterogeneity. Safety outcomes showed RTS,S/AS02 and FMP1/AS02 were linked to increased injection site pain, and RTS,S vaccines had a higher risk of fever. R21/Matrix-M showed the highest efficacy in preventing clinical malaria episodes, though data on it were limited. Vaccines like PfSPZ and PvCS had fewer side effects but weaker antibody responses. Overall, RTS,S vaccines were highly immunogenic and effective, though safety profiles varied, and the limited data on certain vaccines like R21/Matrix-M underscored the need for further research to validate their long-term effects.

A bibliometric Analysis of Biopesticides in Mosquito Control: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Mirnawati Dewi — 2025-07-31

Mosquitoes are insects that play a role in the balance of the ecosystem. However, some species of mosquitoes are detrimental because they act as disease carriers (vectors) for humans and animals. The increasing mosquito population is feared to have the potential to become a vector, prompting various efforts to reduce the population, including the use of biopesticides. This article aims to analyze and visualize the research trends on b biopesticides in mosquito control over the past 19 years and to identify potential research topics related to biopesticides for future studies. The methodology used in this article involves a literature review conducted through Publish or Perish and bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer databases, which collectively encompass 1000 papers. Assessing scientific research progress is crucial for formulating goals and rationalizing future efforts. Based on the results of the bibliometric analysis, biopesticides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, as well as bacteria, fungi, and other types of microbes, have the potential to be researched and developed as mosquito vector control biopesticide products. Microbial pesticides obtained from actinomycetes, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), B. sphaericus (Bs), Lysinibacillus sphaericusand, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, Wolbachia and many other microorganisms are reported as environmentally friendly alternatives for mosquito control.