ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies

Analisis Resistensi Nyamuk Anopheles di Indonesia: Study Literature

Haerul Latif — 2016-05-02

Abstract:Resistensi insektisida akibat meluasnya tindakan pengendalian Anopheles dengan tehnik IRS secara berlanjut. Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisis resistensi nyamuk Anopheles di Indonesia: Study Literature. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan literatur review. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pencarian, basis data PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, dan Embase digunakan. Hasil: Menurut Mahkota dari Indonesiamenunjukkan Anopheles resisten terhadap permetrin dan bendiocarb dan metode uji resistensi yang paling banyak di teliti yaitu menggunakan metode Susceptibility Test WHO dan Botol CDC masing – masing sebanyak 9 penelitian Sedangkan insektisida yang sudah resisten yaitu kelompok peritroid dan cypermetrin.Kesimpulan: Resistensi insektisida merupakan masalah serius bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Metode baru dan tehnik pengendalian vektor terpadu dapat secara signifikan mengurangi penyebaran penyakit yang dibawa oleh nyamuk Anopheles.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti

Eka Fauzia Agesti — 2026-05-02

Aedes aegypti is a dengue fever vector that can transmit dengue (DEN-V). Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate synthetic insecticides are often used as dengue control because they are very effective, quick to show results, and have minimal environmental impact. Garlic is commonly used as a seasoning by some people, but this plant has potential as an alternative larvicide. This plant contains the compounds allicin, sulfur ammonia acid, and allin. This study aims to determine the larvicidal effect of garlic extract on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae. The study was conducted with a post-test with a control group design of 5 groups. There are two groups: a negative control group (Aquadest) and a positive control (Temefos 1%). The other three groups were treated with garlic extract concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3). There were 375 Ae. aegypti larvae with 3 repetitions, and 24 hours of larval mortality were observed. The Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests analyzed larval mortality data. LC50 and LC90 values were subjected to probit analysis. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were differences in the effectiveness of garlic extracts on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae (p = 0.007). The LC50 value is 2.346%, while the LC90 value is 2.641%. Garlic extract (Allium sativum) is effective as a larvicide for Ae. aegypti

Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Alium ascalonicum) dan Minyak Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) terhadap Mortalitas Pediculus humanus capitis

Thariqi Mushthafa Faza — 2026-05-02

Pediculosis is caused by Pediculus humanus capitis and is characterized by scalp itching. The use of chemical pediculicides can cause scalp irritation and toxic hazards. The use of natural ingredients, such as a combination of shallot extract and eucalyptus oil, is used as an alternative pediculicide to reduce the impacts caused by the use of synthetic pediculicides. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of combining shallot extract and eucalyptus oil in eradicating head lice. This research is a true experimental type with a post-test only with control group design consisting of a positive control group (1% permethrin), a negative control (aquadest), and five treatment groups of 5% shallot extract combination and eucalyptus oil in ratios 1:1 (P1), 1:2 (P2), 2:1 (P3), 1:3 (P4), and 3:1 (P5). Data were analyzed using the Friedman test, and LT50 and LC50 were analyzed using probit analysis. There was a difference in the effectiveness of the 5% shallot extract combination and 5% eucalyptus oil. Group P4 was the most effective in causing mortality of Pediculus humanus capitis, with an LC50 value of 0.056% at 30 minutes, while the LT50 value was 0.781 minutes in group P4. The combination of shallot extract and eucalyptus oil in a 1:3 ratio was the most effective alternative to traditional plant-based pediculicides. The combination of shallot extract and eucalyptus oil has the potential to serve as an alternative pediculicide

Uji Resistensi Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypty Terhadap Temepos (Abate) Pada Daerah Endemis DBD Di Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara

Nurqomaria Nurqomaria — 2026-05-02

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health issue in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Larvicidal insecticides such as temephos (Abate) are commonly used for vector control; however, repeated use may lead to resistance in Aedes aegypti populations.This study aimed to assess the resistance level of Aedes aegypti larvae to temephos in dengue-endemic areas of Kendari City.Laboratory tests were conducted at the Entomology and Parasitology Laboratory of Mandala Waluya University. Larvae were collected from three endemic sub-districts: Baruga, Kadia, and Poasia. Resistance was tested using temephos at concentrations of 0.005 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, and 0.03 mg/L. Each treatment was replicated three times with 25 larvae per replicate. Mortality was recorded after 24 hours of exposure. All tested populations demonstrated resistance, with larval mortality rates remaining below 80% across all concentrations. In Baruga, the highest mortality (60%) occurred at 0.03 mg/L with an LC₅₀ of 0.023 mg/L. In Kadia, the highest mortality was 42.66%. In Poasia, 49.33% mortality was observed at 0.03 mg/L with an LC₅₀ of 0.043 mg/L. No mortality was observed in the control group, thus Abbott's correction was not applied. Aedes aegypti larvae from dengue-endemic regions in Kendari City exhibited resistance to temephos at all tested concentrations. These findings highlight the need for reevaluation of larvicide use and implementation of integrated vector control strategies.

Identifikasi dan Perilaku Nyamuk Anopheles di Kulon Progo

Fardiasih Dwi Astuti — 2026-05-04

Abstract Identifying and characterizing Anopheles mosquitoes through spot surveys is critical for malaria control, especially in endemic and receptive areas. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, malaria cases have been reported in Kulonprogo, with the latest 10 cases in 2023. This study aimed to identify Anopheles species and their resting behavior as risk factors for local malaria transmission. A cross-sectional entomological survey was conducted in Samigaluh, Kulonprogo. Mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches (indoor and outdoor) and resting collections in animal shelters from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM. Specimens were identified by species, vector density, and parity status. Five Anopheles species were detected, predominantly resting in animal shelters: An. vagus (71.9%), An. annularis (21.9%), An. aconitus (3.95%), An. kochi (1.69%), and An. barbirostris (0.56%). All biting activity occurred outdoors between 6:00 PM and 3:00 AM, with species-specific activity peaks. An. vagus had the highest man biting rate (0.88 bites/person/hour) and was active early in the evening. The overall parity rate was 85.71%, indicating a mature mosquito population with potential for malaria transmission. These findings highlight An. vagus as the dominant species in the area, exhibiting exophagic and zoophilic behavior, and suggest that sustained vector surveillance is essential to support malaria elimination efforts in receptive regions.